Study of Economic Factors Influencing the Expansion of Art Patronage during the Timurid Era

Abstract

The Timurid period, recognized as one of the most artistically rich eras in the history of post-Islamic Iranian art, is notable for its unparalleled artistic growth and the emergence of renowned artists. This period has thus become a focal point for art history scholars. In shaping and enhancing this artistic era, in addition to the artist and their creative mind, numerous other factors contributed to the formation of artistic objects. One of the most influential factors in the creation of artistic works has consistently been art patrons who, driven by various motivations, supported the arts. Among the most significant of these motivations were economic incentives, which, though often hidden behind the façade of art patronage, led to the production of unparalleled artworks during the Timurid period. The role of art patrons and the economic factors influencing both art and its patrons during this era is undeniable. However, the fundamental question posed in this study is: What were the key reasons behind the economic prosperity during the Timurid period, and how did these reasons impact art patronage? Accordingly, the objective of this study is to explore and analyze the economic conditions during the Timurid era and to examine the economic motivations of art patrons in supporting the arts during this period. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method, with the primary aim being the examination of texts to identify factors influencing artistic creativity and to analyze the economic conditions of art patrons. The analysis of these factors is conducted through qualitative research methods. The findings indicate that economic growth, abundant financial resources, and war spoils acquired by Timur during his military campaigns across various cities, along with the agricultural system known as Soyurghal, which witnessed significant development during this period, led to remarkable agricultural expansion and economic prosperity in the Timurid era. Consequently, this economic growth facilitated extensive support from numerous art patrons.