Meta-Analysis of Total Quality Management Excellence

Abstract

The challenge posed by global competition has increased pressure on organizations to enhance their skills, capabilities, and the quality of products and services. Therefore, the present study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of Total Quality Management (TQM) excellence. This research is classified as an applied study in terms of its purpose and, due to the application of the meta-analysis method, falls under the category of quantitative research. The statistical population under investigation includes all articles and dissertations related to the research topic, both domestically and internationally. Articles and dissertations published in reputable national and international journals serve as scientific sources utilized in this study. In this meta-analysis, only studies meeting the necessary statistical criteria were included. To answer the research questions, the required variables were extracted from checklists, and calculations were performed using Stata and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. The results indicated that the observed value in the fixed-effects model was -0.18439, which was equal to the adjusted or corrected value under the fixed-effects model. Similarly, the observed value in the random-effects model was -0.18614, which also equaled the adjusted or corrected value under the random-effects model. This finding suggests that the present study does not require additional studies for completion. The results of this table confirm that the model does not suffer from publication bias and does not require further studies to correct biases or create symmetry on both sides of the mean effect size line in the funnel plot. The findings of the analysis demonstrated that components such as resources and partners, work processes, employees, customers, planning, leadership, strategy and policy, and information are significantly associated with TQM excellence. However, the degree of impact of each component and the homogeneity of studies in each section varied. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that TQM excellence is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by various factors. To achieve TQM excellence, organizations must consider all components and adopt integrated models that account for contextual and methodological differences. Additionally, it is recommended that organizations focus on improving key components, such as employees, planning, and leadership, and leverage modern technologies to attain TQM excellence.