مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی- تحلیلی و طرحواره درمانی هیجانی بر تنظیم شناختی هیجان و نگرانی مبتلایان به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: اختلال اضطراب فراگیر میتواند باعث افت تنظیم شناختی هیجان و افزایش نگرانی شود. بنابراین، هدف این مطالعه مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی- تحلیلی و طرحواره درمانی هیجانی بر تنظیم شناختی هیجان و نگرانی مبتلایان به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر بود.
روش و مواد: مطالعه حاضر نیمهآزمایشی با طرح پیشآزمون، پسآزمون و پیگیری دو ماهه همراه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری این مطالعه همه دانشجویان مبتلا به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز و دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز در سال 1402 بودند. حجم نمونه برای هر گروه 20 نفر در نظر گرفته شد که این افراد پس از بررسی ملاکهای ورود به مطالعه با روش نمونهگیری هدفمند بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. نمونههای منتخب با روش تصادفی در سه گروه 20 نفری جایگزین و گروه آزمایش اول و دوم 10 جلسه 90 دقیقهای بهترتیب تحت درمان شناختی- تحلیلی و طرحواره درمانی هیجانی قرار گرفتند و گروه کنترل در لیست انتظار برای آموزش ماند. دادهها با پرسشنامههای اختلال اضطراب فراگیر (اسپیتزر و همکاران، 2006)، تنظیم شناختی هیجان (گارنفسکی و همکاران، 2001) و نگرانی (مایر و همکاران، 1990) گردآوری و با روشهای کایاسکوئر، تحلیل واریانس با اندازهگیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی در نرمافزار SPSS-26 تحلیل شدند.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که مبتلایان به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر گروههای آزمایش و کنترل از نظر جنسیت، مقطع تحصیلی و سن تفاوت معناداری نداشتند (05/0P>). همچنین، هر دو روش درمان شناختی- تحلیلی و طرحواره درمانی هیجانی درمقایسه با گروه کنترل باعث افزایش تنظیم شناختی هیجان مثبت و کاهش تنظیم شناختی هیجان منفی و نگرانی در مبتلایان به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر شد و نتایج در مرحله پیگیری نیز باقی ماند (001/0P<). علاوه بر آن، بین دو روش درمان شناختی- تحلیلی و طرحواره درمانی هیجانی در افزایش راهبردهای مثبت تنظیم شناختی هیجان و کاهش راهبردهای منفی تنظیم شناختی هیجان و نگرانی مبتلایان به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت (001/0P<).
نتیجهگیری: نتایج این مطالعه حاکی از اثربخشی هر دو روش درمان شناختی- تحلیلی و طرحواره درمانی هیجانی بر افزایش راهبردهای مثبت تنظیم شناختی هیجان و کاهش راهبردهای منفی تنظیم شناختی هیجان و نگرانی مبتلایان به اختلال اضطراب فراگیر بودند. بنابراین، مشاوران و درمانگران میتوانند از هر دو روش جهت بهبود ویژگیهای روانشناختی بهره ببرند.
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