Predicting Executive Functioning in Elementary School Girls Based on Mothers’ Psychological Characteristics (Rumination, Personality Traits, and Forgiveness) in the City of Falavarjan

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to predict executive functioning in elementary school girls based on their mothers’ psychological characteristics, including forgiveness, personality traits, and rumination.
Methods and Materials: The statistical population consisted of all elementary school girls in the city of Falavarjan and their mothers. The sample included 165 randomly selected elementary school girls, and all relevant questionnaires were completed by their mothers. The research instruments included the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia, 2000), the Forgiveness Scale (Thompson, 2005), the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), and the Rumination Questionnaire (Yousefi, 2007).
Findings: The data were analyzed at both the descriptive level (mean and standard deviation) and inferential level (Pearson correlation and multiple regression using stepwise and enter methods). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. The findings indicated that, among the predictor variables, all except maternal extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness had significant relationships with executive functioning. Additionally, maternal rumination significantly predicted the executive functioning of elementary school girls.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that changes in maternal forgiveness, neuroticism, and rumination are associated with changes in the executive functioning of elementary school girls.